© 1995-2001 Untangle Incorporated
Last Updated: Sunday, March 05, 2001

Cross Reference:

Middle Eastern Gods by Function

Gods with Multiple Functions Animals/Hunting Artisans
Creator Death/Underword/Destruction Earth/Fertility
Evil/Illness Fire Good
Healing Judgement Justice/Wisdom
Protective Sea Sky
Storm Sun/Moon/Stars Supreme
Messengers War Water
Wealth/Contracts Wind Women/Children
Vegetation ... The End


Animals/Hunting
God Name(s) Responsibility
Asar
(Pre-Islamic Arabs) 		Horses
Aspalis
(West Semitic) 		Hunting
Lahar
(Sumerian) 		Sheep


Artisan
God Name(s) Responsibility
Belet-Seri,Beletseri
(Akkadian) 		Recordkeeping
Hasam(m)eli
(Hittite) 		Blacksmiths
Hiyon
(Phoenicia) 		Craftsman
Khshathra Vairya
(Iranian) 		Metals
Kinyras
(Cypriot) 		Iron-smelting
Nin-agal
(Mesopotamian) 		Smiths
Ur-shanabi,Ursanabi, Sur-sunabu
(Sumerian) 		Underworld ferryman
Uttu
(Sumerian) 		Weaving


Creator
God Name(s) Tribe/Region
Antu Babylonian-Akkadian
Aruru Sumarian
Adamas,Adammas Nassenes
Geus Tasan
(Cattle) 		Iranian


Death/Underworld
God Name(s) Responsibility
Allatum,Ellat
(Mesopotamian) 		Underworld
Ameretat
(Iranian) 		Immortality
Angra Mainyu,Angru Mainyu
(Zoroastrian) 		Darkness
Arsay
(Canaanite) 		Underworld
Asto Vidatu
(Iranian) 		Death
Azrael
(Islam) 		Angel of death
Birdu
(Babylonian) 		Underworld
Dur
(Kassite) 		Underworld
Enmesharra,Enmesarra
(Sumerian) 		Underworld
Ereshkigal,Ereskigal
(Sumero-Akkadian) 		Underworld
Loz, Nergal and Ninmug
(Babylonian) 		Underworld
Lelwani
(Hittite) 		Underworld
Meslamtaea,Meslamta'ea
(Summite) 		Underworld
Mutu
(Assyrian) 		Underworld
Ninazu,Nin-azu
(Sumerian) 		Underworld


Destiny
God Name(s) Responsibility
Anbay
(Pre-Islamic South Arabian) 		Oracular
Baal-Karmelos
(Canaanite) 		Oracular
Gad
(North Arabian) 		Fortune
Manat
(Palmyrene ) 		Fate


Earth/Fertility
God Name(s) Responsibility
Alilat
(Pre-Islamic Arabian) 		Mother
Ama-arhus,Amasagnul
(Babylonian-Akkadian) 		Fertility
Anunitu
(Babylonian) 		Mother
Aretia
(Armenian) 		Earth
Armaiti
Zoroaster) 		Earth and Fertility
Aserdus
(Caananite),Atirat(Syrian Urgartic), Asetus(Semite) 		Fertility
Asera,Aserat,Amorite,Asratum,Athirat(Canaanite) Lust and Fertility
Ashtaroth(Semitic),Ashtoreth(Canaanite and Phoenician) Fertility,reproduction
Atargatis
(Syrian) 		Fertility
Aya
(Babylonina) 		Mother
Baubo
(Syrian) 		Mother
Baal-Qarnain
(Carthaginian) 		Two mountain peaks
Belit,Belitis, Ninlil,Or Ninlil
(Mesopotamian) 		Fertility
Derceto
(Phoenician) 		Mother
Ebech
(Canaanite) 		Mountain
Gatumdu,Gatumdug
(Sumerian) 		Mother
Hannahanna
(Hittite) 		Mother
Hazzi
(Hittites and Hurrians) 		Mountain
Hubur
(Babylonian) 		Mother
Ishtar(Akkadian),Inanna(Sumerian) Love and Fertility
Kiririshna
(Elamite) 		Fertility
Liluri
(Syrian) 		Mountain
Ma
(Cappadocian) 		Earth and mother
Ma-Enyo
(Anatolian) 		Mother
Mah
(Assyrian) 		Earth
Nanaja
(Mesopotamian) 		Sex
Ninhursag,Ninhursanga, Nintur, Ninmakh(Sumerian): mother Mother
Pinikir,Pinenkir
(Elamite) 		Mother
Pothos
(Phoenician) 		Desire
Quades
(Western Semitic) 		Fertility
Spandarmet
(Armenian) 		Earth
Spenta Armaiti
(Iranian) 		Earth
Tork
(Armenian) 		Mountain
Uras
(old Mesopotamian) 		Earth


Evil
God Name(s) Responsibility
Ahriman,Angra Mainyu
(Zoraster) 		Destruction
Amaimon
(Christian) 		Ruler of the eastern portion of Hell
Afreet,Afrit
(Islam) 		Malicious giant Jinns
Azazel
(Islamic) 		Devil
Belial,Beliar
(Judaism and Christianity) 		Devil
Agas
(Iranian) 		Illness
Asmodaios,Asmodeus
(Persian, later Jewish) 		Evil spirit
Azi Dahaka,Azhdahak, Azdahak, Azhi Dahaka
(Persian) 		Lies
Erra,Irra
(Babylonian) 		Plague, slaughter
Edem
(Chaldean) 		Causes evil
Jarri
(Hittite) 		Plague and pestilence
Daevas,Devas
(Persia) 		Powers of Evil
Iblis,Eblis
(Islamic) 		Devil
Saitan
(Arabic) 		Satan
Satan
(Judeo-Christian) 		Devil


Good
God Name(s) Responsibility
Vohu Manah
(Zoroaster) 		Good Thought


Fire
God Name(s) Responsibility
Atar
(Zoroastrian) 		Fire


Healing
God Name(s) Responsibility
Aralez
(Armenian) 		Battle Wounds/Ressurrection
Asalluhe,Asalluh
(Babylonian) 		Exorcism
Baal-Marqod
(Syrian) 		Healing
Baba,Bau
(Sumarian) 		Healing
Basamum
(Pre-Islamic god of south Arabia) 		Healing
Damu
(Sumarian) 		Exorcism
En-uru
(Hittite) 		Healing
Eshmun,Esmun
(Phoenician) 		Health and Healing
Hala
(Kassite) 		Healing
Kamrusepa
(Hittite) 		Healing
Sadrapa
(Syrian) 		Healing


Judgement
God Name(s) Responsibility
Annunaki
(Sumerian) 		Seven judges of the dead
Abatur,Abattur,Mandaean
(Chaldean) 		Judge of the dead
Suduk
(Ugaritic) 		Righteousness


Justice/Wisdom
God Name(s) Responsibility
Latpon
(Phoenician) 		Wisdom
Mishor
(Ugaritic) 		Justice
Hendursanga
(Sumerian) 		Justice and Law
Nabor(Babylonian),Nebo(Semite) Justice


Multiple Functions
God Name(s) Responsibilities
A'as
(Hittite/Hurrian) 		Wisdom, Keeper of the tablets of fate
Adad(Sumerian), Ishkur(Hadad): Weather, oracles and divination
Aesma Daeva(Parsee) Lust and anger
Airyaman
(Persian) 		Social ties and Contracts
Aleyin,Amurru
(Phoenician) 		Springs and vegetation
Amm
(pre-Islamic Arabian) 		Moon and weather god and tutelary (Qataban)
Anat,Anath
(Phoenician, Canaanite, Ugaritic) 		Love and war
Asag(Akkadian), Asakku(Sumerian) Drought and illness
Ashur
(Assyria) 		City god of Ashur, national god of Assyria and war
Baal-Addir
(Phoenician) 		Fertility or underworld
Baal-Hammon
(Cathagian Phoenician) 		Creator and Oracular
Barsamin
(Armenian) 		Weather and sky
Bel
(Palmyra) 		Supreme and Sky
Bellona
(Cappadocian) 		Earth and war
Dolichenus
(Syrian) 		Weather and War
Dumuzi,Tammuz
(Mesopotamian) 		Mesopotamian: fertility;Sumerian Vegetation and Underworld
Ea(Babylonian) Enki(Sumerian)
(Mesopotamian) 		Sweet waters and wisdom, creator of mankind and patron of all the arts; chief god of Eridu
Enbilulu
(Sumerian) 		Irrigation and agriculture
Enki(Sumerian), Ea(Akkadian) Freshwaters, wisdom and purification
Enlil(Sumerian),Ellil, Bel(Akkadian) Earth and wind
Gibil,Nusku(Sumerian), Girra or Girru( Akkadian) fire and light
Gula
(Sumerian) 		Healing, also name for the Earth Mother goddess
Hadad,Had, Hadda, Haddu
(West Semitic) 		Storms, thunder, and rain
Hebat
(Hurrian) 		Chief goddess and sun
Hepatu
('Hurrian-Hittite) 		Sun
Inanna,Inini(Sumerian),Ishtar(Akkadian) Lust and war
Ishkur
(Sumero-Akkadian) 		Rain and thunderstorms
Ishtanu(Hattic),Eshtan(Hittite) Sun
Kades
(Canaanite) 		Lust and sexuality
Kusor
(Phoenician) 		Many talents, controller of the seasons
Marduk(Babylon),Amar-utuk(Sumerian) Supreme, Agriculture and Water
Mithra
(Persian) 		Light, Contracts and Friendship
Mot
(Phoenician/Canaanite) 		Drought,Infertility and Death
Nahhunte
(Elamite) 		Truth and Justice
Nabu,Nebo
(Babylonian) 		Writing and Wisdom
Namtar,Namtara
(Sumerian) 		Fate, Messenger of the underworld
Nin-girsu,Ningursu,Ninurtu
(Sumerian) 		Irrigation and Fertility
Ninshar
(Sumerian) 		Birth and Stony ground
Ninurta,Nin-urta, Nimrod, Enurra
(Mesopotamian) 		War, Wells, Canals, the South Wind,Thunderstorms, Floods & the Plough
Nisaba
(Sumerian) 		Writing and Wisdom
Nusku
(Mesopotamian) 		Light and Fire
Nergal(Babylonian), Nerigal(Sumerian) Underworld and War
Quzah
(Ancient Arabian) 		Storms and Thunder
Rashnu,Rasnu
(Persian) 		Righteousness, guardian of the Cinvat bridge leading to the underworld, one judge of the dead
Reshep,Resheph, Reshpu, Resef
(Syro-Palestinian) 		Underworld and Pestilence
Rimmon,Rammon
(Syrian) 		Weather
Rundas
(Hittite) 		Hunting and good Fortune
Sataran,Istaran
(Mesopotamian) 		Judge and Doctor
Shamash
(Babylonian and Assyrian) 		Sun and Divination
Sius
(Hittite) 		Sky-god and Sun
Sulmanu
(Assyrian) 		War and the Underworld
Sutekh,Sut
(Hittite and Hurrian) 		Weather
Tabiti
(Scythian) 		Fire and Animals
Tarhunt,Tarhund,Tarhun,Taru(Hattic),Teshub,Tesub,Tesup(Hurrian) Weather
Tir
(Armenian) 		Writing, Wisdom and Oracles
Ua-ildak
(Babylonian) 		Pasture and Poplar
Utu(Sumerian),Shamash(Akkadian) Sun,Fertility, Judgement and Law-giving
Verethragna,Bairam
(Persian) 		Victory(Persian), War(Zoroastrian)
Wer
(Semitic) 		Weather
Yazata
(Persian and Zoroaster) 		Supreme, Guardians of Stars(Zoraster)
Zurvan,Zervan, Zrvan
(Persian and Zoroaster) 		Infinite Space and Time(Persia), Time and Fate(Zoroaster)


Protective
God Name(s) Responsibility
Baal Sapon,Ugaritic Baal Sapan(Canaanite) Mariners
Anzu,Imdugud(Sumerian) of Ellil (doorkeeper)
Achor
(Cyrenean) 		from Insects
Alad Udug Lama(Sumerian/Babylonian-Akkadian) Guarded Heaven
Chroshtag(Chaldean) of Life (Soul)
Arinna,Ariniddu
(Hittite) 		Gods
Fravashis,Fravasi
(Persian, later Zoroaster) 		Believers by Ancestors
Geus Urvan
(Persian) 		Cattle
Shai'-ha-Qawm
(Nabataean) 		People


Sea
God Name(s) Responsibility
Asherat of the Sea
(Phoenician) 		Sea
Pateke
(Phoenician) 		Protective of Seafarers
Yamm
(Canaanite) 		Sea


Sky
God Name(s) Tribe/Region
Jabru Elamite


Storms
God Name(s) Responsibility
Baal-Biq'ah
(West Semitic) 		Weather
Baal-Hadad
(Syrian) 		Storm
Iskur
(Hittite) 		Weather
Zu,Anzu
(Babylonian) 		Storm


Sun/Moon/Stars
God Name(s) Responsibility
A-a,Aya
((Babylonian-Akkadian)) 		Sun
Aglibol
(Palmyra) 		Moon
Allat
(Pre-Islamic Arabian) 		Venus
Almaqah
(Sabaean) 		Moon
Arinnitti,Wurusemu
(Hittite) 		Sun
Arma
(Hittite and Luwian) 		Moon
Arsu and Azizu
(Palmyran) 		Evening and Morning stars
Ashtart
(Phoenician) 		Venus
Astlik
(Armenian) 		Stars
Atarsamain
(Pre-Islamic Arabian) 		Stars
Athtar,Ilumqah
(South Arabian) 		Morning & Evening star
Atirat
(West Semite) 		Sun
Azizos
(Syrian) 		Morning and Evening star
Azizos and Monimos
(North Arabian) 		Morning and Evening stars
Baltis
(North Arabian) 		Venus
Caelestis
(Carthaginian) 		Moon
Elagabal,Elagabalus, Heliogabalus
(Syria) 		Sun
Elom
(Southern Hebrews) 		Moon
Eshtan(Hattic), Ishtanu(Hittite),Tiwat(Luwian),Shimegi(Hurrian) Sun
Hepat
(Arinna) 		Sun
Heres
(Canaanite) 		Sun
Hilal,Hillaliy
(Arabian) 		Moon
Hvar
(Iranian) 		Sun
Ilah
(South Semitic) 		Moon
Ilumquh
(Arab/Sabaean) 		Moon
Jarih,Erah
(Canaanite) 		Moon
Kasku
(Proto-Hattic) 		Moon
Ker,Q're
(Syria) 		Sun
Kusuh
(Hurrian) 		Moon
Mah
(Iranian) 		Moon
Malakbel
(North Arabian) 		Sun
Mao
(Persian) 		Moon
Men
(Phrygian) 		Moon
Mihr,Mehr, Meher
(Armenian) 		Sun
Nahhundi,Nachunte
(Elamite) 		Sun
Nanna
(Sumerian) 		Moon
Napir
(Elam) 		Moon
Nikkal
(Sumerian) 		Sun
Nikkal
(Ugaritic,Canaanite) 		Moon
Rapithwin
(Persian) 		Midday
Sahar,Shahar
(North and south Semitic) 		Moon
Salim,Salem
(Ugaritic) 		Evening Star
Samas,Shamash
(Semitic) 		Sun
Sams,Shams
(southern Arabia) 		Sun
Sapas,Shapash
(Western Semitic) 		Sun
Saps
(Ugaritic) 		Sun
Sar and Salim
(Syrian) 		Morning and Evening Stars
Shams
(South Arabian) 		Sun
Shimegi
(Hurrian and Mitanni) 		Sun
Simigi
(Hurrian) 		Sun
Suen
(Sumerian) 		Moon
Sulpa'e
(Mesopotamian) 		Jupiter
Suwa
(pre-Islamic Arabian) 		Sun
Ta'lab
(Sabaean) 		Moon
Tanit,Tanith, Tinnit
(Phoenician) 		Moon
Terah
(Semitic) 		Moon
Tishtriya,Tistrya
(Persia) 		Sirius
Tiwaz Me
(Anatolia) 		Sun
Wurusemu,Wuru(n)semu
(Hattic) 		Sun
al-Uzza
(Arabian Bedouin) 		Venus
Wadd
(Minaean) 		Moon
Yarhibol
(Palmyrene) 		Sun
Yarikh,Yarih
(Ugaritic) 		Moon
Yerah and Nikkal
(Canaanite) 		Moon god and goddess


Supreme
God Name(s) Tribe/Region
Abraxa,Abrasax, Abraxis(Chaldeans) Mesopotamian
Ahura Mazda,Ormuzd Avestan Persia
Alalu Hurrians
Allah Islam
Anu(Babylonian), An(Sumerian) Mesopotamian
Aramazd Armenians
Baal Samin Phoenician
Dusares Nabataeans
El,Il,'Syria and Canaan: head of Ugaritic pantheon, father of the gods. Armenians
Elohim Hebrew
Huban Elamite
Il-a-bi Ugaritic
Inshushinak,In-Shushinak Elamite
Jahwe,Jahve, Jahveh Israel
Kamos Moab
Melqart,Melkart Tyre and of Carthage
Kumarbi Hurrian
Milkom Ammonites
Ormazd,Ormuzd, Ahura Mazda Zoroastrian
Sin Hadramut
Tinnit,Thinit, Tanit Carthage
Yahweh Hebrew


Messenger
God Name(s) Responsibility
Angel Judaism, Christianity and Islam
Isum Akkadian
Papsukkal Babylonian


War
God Name(s) Responsibility
Aray,Ara
(Armenian) 		Battle
Attar
(South Arabian) 		War
Chemosh
(Moabite) 		War
Burijas,Buriyas
(Kassites) 		War
Jamm
(Phoenician-Canaanite) 		War
Wuru(n)katte
(Proto-Hattic) 		War
Vahagn
(Armenian) 		Bravery and Victory


Water
(Babylonian)
God Name(s) Responsibility
Apsu,Abzu
(Sumerian) 		Underground fresh-water ocean
Ahurani
(Iranian) 		Water
Apam Napat
(Persian) 		Giver of Water
Hauravatat,Haurvatat
(Persian) 		Water
Imdugud
(Ur) 		Rain
Nanshe
(Mesopotamian) 		Springs and Water-ways
Tiamat,Tiawath, Tamtu Primal abyss and of the ocean waters
Sangarios,Sangarius
(Phrygian) 		River


Wealth/Contracts
God Name(s) Responsibility
Mamitu,Mammitu, Mammetu
(Akkadian) 		Oaths


Wind
God Name(s) Responsibility
Ays
(Armenian) 		Evil wind
Vata
(Persian) 		Wind


Woman/Children
God Name(s) Responsibility
Belet-ili,Belit-ili, Belit-Illi
(Semite) 		Childbirth and mothers
Nintur
(Akkadian) 		Birth


Vegetation/Agriculture
God Name(s) Responsibility
Abu
(Sumerian) 		Vegetation
Asnan(Babylonina),Emmer(Sumerian) Wheat
Baal
(West Semite) 		Vegetation
Dagan,Hebrew, Dagon
(Philistines, Canaanites and Amorites) 		Wheat
Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana
(Sumerian) 		Orchards
Halki
(Hittite) 		Wheat
Haoma
(Zoroastrian) 		Soma herb
Hay-Tau
(Phoenician) 		Vegetation
Humbaba,Huwawa, Khumbaba
(Elam or Syria) 		Nature
Nidaba
(Babylonian) 		Grain
Ninlil
(Sumerian) 		Grain
Nisaba
(Babylonian) 		Grain
Sud
(Akkadian) 		Grain
Telipinu,Telepinu
(Hittite) 		Vegetation



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